In theory, combining them could offer complementary benefits
There are various forms of supplementation: Oral medications Intramuscular injections Nasal spray Supplementation can be taken for shorter periods until the individual reaches optimal levels in the blood or for longer, depending on the severity [4]
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The diagnostic process typically involves: Clinical history taking, focusing on symptoms (fatigue, neurological changes, dietary habits) Physical examination for signs of anaemia or neurological impairment Blood tests including full blood count, serum B12, and often folate levels Additional investigations such as intrinsic factor antibodies or parietal cell antibodies if pernicious anaemia is suspected For borderline results, additional tests like holotranscobalamin (active B12) may be considered NICE guidance recommends that treatment should commence based on clinical presentation if neurological symptoms are present, without waiting for laboratory confirmation, as delays can result in irreversible nerve damage
With intramuscular injections of B12, any excess will result in high levels within your blood so you may experience side effects such as headache, dizziness, tiredness, or gastrointestinal issues including nausea, until your body has metabolised any excess through your kidneys enroute to excretion via urine
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