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Cholin leistet einen Beitrag zu einem normalen Fettstoffwechsel
This bidirectional axis integrates neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways, enabling gut microbes to influence mood, cognition, and behavior
In contrast, immunomodulatory pathways play an essential role in the neuroprotective effect of Vit D and N-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA), as evidenced by their ability to reduce the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF- and increase the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, thereby attenuating the neuroinflammation caused by MSG in the current study 103 , which has been widely reported in previous animal studies 103,104,105,106 , and demonstrates an additional synergetic neuroprotective effect of their combined supplementation
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Recruitment and follow-up proceeded at a single site within the IRB-approved study window