BPC-157 demonstrates both local and systemic effects, meaning even injections at some distance from the injury site provide benefit, though local administration may optimize outcomes
Not approved: Injectable/IV NAD+ is not FDA-approved for these uses
However, the uncertainty with this is whether it presents a pre-vitamin B12 deficiency or PA, where individuals are not yet symptomatic or are symptomatic but have a serum B12 value within the normal reference ranges
[2] The vitamin can also be supplied on prescription and delivered via injection or other means
People who may need B vitamin supplements include older adults, people who are pregnant, and those who follow a strict plant-based diet
Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH