Why it matters for body composition: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and crucial for fat metabolism and muscle performance
Low vitamin B12 levels can lead to anemia, causing weakness, tiredness, and difficulty concentrating
When you lack B12, your red blood cells become malformed, and the oxygen delivery is compromised, making you feel tired
The resulting increase in intracellular NAD+ availability activates sirtuins particularly SIRT1, which regulates insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation, and SIRT3, which governs mitochondrial antioxidant defences and energy metabolism
It is derived from the C-terminal portion of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and has been studied for anti-inflammatory signaling, gut inflammation models, and immune-modulating effects
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