What the Published Data Shows Across the research literature, B12 deficiency rates after bariatric surgery fall in the following ranges (3): Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: approximately 2% to 80%, depending on follow-up duration and supplementation Sleeve gastrectomy: 0% to 36.4%, with deficiency often emerging up to two years post-surgery Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: highest rates, often requiring lifelong parenteral supplementation Weight loss medications: up to 2.6% incidence within one year of treatment These are wide ranges because research has pooled studies with very different follow-up windows and supplementation regimens
Supports muscle growth, fat reduction, better sleep, and overall vitality
The acute response initiation involves changes in blood flow stimulated by prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin I2, while leukotriene B4, produced from arachidonic acid, stimulates the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
These effects contribute to faster tissue regeneration and improved wound closure, ultimately expediting the healing method (Reference 1)
[229], in mammals, methylglyoxal arises in 0.050.1% as a minor product from (a) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate degradation in glycolysis, (b) oxidation of acetone by cytochrome P450, (c) oxidation of aminoacetone by semicarbazide amine oxidase, and (d) degradation of glycated proteins and monosaccharides
For daily fatty-liver support, milk thistle's 140 to 420 mg silymarin has the deeper track record
