When pretreated with antibodies to integrins alpha 1 and beta 1, MSC failed to produce an increase of VEGF, which indicated that the effects of GHK on secretion of trophic factors by MSC involve the integrin cellular pathway [30]
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While subjective, this observation aligns with the peptides known mechanisms and provides a tangible indicator that something is happening at the tissue level
This makes leave-in peptide serums important for matching minoxidil exposure levels